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Zhu Xi’s “knowledge” and Yang Ming’s “knowledge” – the “studying things and leading to knowledge” in the context of the mind and nature discussion
Author: Lunami Fujii (produced by the Kyushu Science Research Institute)
Source: “Zhongshan Major Research Institute” (Philosophy) Issue 2, 2024
Abstract: The academic community has come to the academic community to understand Zhu Xi’s “studying things and leading to knowledge”. There are comments on the “awareness” ensemble, and there are comments on the “mind-nature ensemble”. In Zhu Xi’s “Surveying things and seeking knowledge”, the first stage of “Surveying things” is to understand the “of course” with internal things as the object, so it is indeed possible to read it from the perspective of “knowledge”. However, in the second stage of “the reason for “subject to the price of one month”, the principles of external things are connected with the principles of the inner heart, and “subjecting things” becomes “intellectual”, so it is a “knowledge-seeking” activity that cannot be simply defined as the modern cognitive theory. Regarding “leading knowledge”, the object and platform of his kung fu is not internal physics, but internal thought, so that it cannot be interpreted from the perspective of cognitive theory. The “knowledge” that Zhu Xi understood is the spiritual function of the nature (reason) of the human heart that has acquired in the acquired world that shows the spirit of influence. In other words, it is “clear virtue” or “confidant”. Therefore, regarding the basic meaning of “knowledge” and the realm of “knowledge”, it can be said that Zhu Xi and Yang Ming’s understanding is different. We cannot easily regard Zhu Xi’s “studying things and seeking knowledge” and the “confidence” of Yang Ming’s “confidence” as a complete and contradictory skill.
Preface
The difference between Zhu Zi and Yang Ming is the basic difference between the learning stage, or it may be said that it is a result of the difference in understanding the text of “Big Learning”, especially the sentence “Studying things and obtaining knowledge”. For Yang Ming, Zhu Xi’s academic style of “studying things and seeking knowledge” is nothing more than “enriching his knowledge”, that is, the cultivation skill of gaining “knowledge” from the outside. Yang Ming believed that behind Zhu Xi’s use of this skill, there is “reason” (the short-term principle) outside the “heart”, “heart” and “reason” are inconsistent, so my “heart” must adopt “reason’s idea: love for a lifetime” from the inside to be regarded as its own model and rules. The “heart and reason are chosen by the lens. Because both women are young and attractive, she” is attracted. The reason why Yang Ming criticized Zhu Xi’s argument for “studying things and learning” as “outside” is here. The author believes that regarding Zhu Zi’s “studying things and seeking knowledge” as a skill based on “seeking knowledge”, Zhu Zi’s in the contemporary academic world understands the basis of the foundation of “research on knowledge” or “recognition”.
For example, the contemporary Neo-Confucian master, Mr. Mou Zongsan, believed that Zhu Zi’s learning of the “study of things” is the skill of using “knowledge of mind” to understand the “the principle of things”, so his “study of things to obtain knowledge” is the “general understanding of knowledge” that uses all things to identify things as the object of knowledge. according toTeacher Mou understood that this way of cognition is basically the method used to analyze and clarify genre concepts or cognitive concepts and the essence of things. In other words, it is a way of cognition similar to modern scientific style. “The Study on Zhu Xi’s Study on the Study of Things and Knowledge” by President Le Ai Guo, is a special book that specializes in exploring and analyzing Zhu Xi’s “Investigating Things and Knowledge” discussion. In this book, President Le Ai explained the nature of Zhu Xi’s “Investigating Things and Knowledge” discussion:
Zhu Xi’s Study on the Things and Knowledge is more of a process of gaining knowledge. Therefore, to emphasize the most basic influence of knowledge in the field of knowledge on moral cultivation, it is actually to admit that the process of gaining knowledge is a major stage of moral cultivation. Or perhaps, any knowledge can be effectively cultivated by just being in a certain knowledge structure and slowly achieving “sudden understanding”. [1]
In the “Zhu Zizhe Study”, Mr. Chen pointed out that the meaning of “knowledge” includes two meanings: “knowledge talent” and “knowledge” as “recognition result” [2, and then understand “awareness” as “expansion of knowledge” [2]. Regarding the ultimate state of “recruiting knowledge”, he pointed out: “After a thing is intrinsic, people’s knowledge is gained, which is arousal of knowledge. As long as we go against the reckless investigation of things and constantly accumulate, we can only be considered knowledge and enlightenment.” [2] Yu Yingshi also regarded “recruiting things” and “recruiting knowledge” as a unified process of seeking “reason”, pointing out: “From the perspective of understanding objects, we call it “recruiting things”Baobao.com, from the perspective of understanding the subject, it is called ‘to attain knowledge’. “[3] In his new work “Zhu Zi Xue and Yang Ming Xue”, Mr. Wu Zhen will go from “studying things” to “one of mind and reason” in his new work “Theory of Zhu Zi Xue and Yang Ming”. href=”https://twsugarhoney520.org/”>Short-term cultivation The process of “ultimate fantasy” (knowing) understands the process of “continuously enriched knowledge and experience of things, physics, and nature, and finally gaining the overall grasp of the principles of ethical principles of all things in the universe and human society” [4]. In this way, Master Wu also read Zhu Xi’s “Studying things and leading to knowledge” from the perspective of intellectual theory. According to the investigation by the author, the japanese academic circles such as Ishida Qianji, My Wife Shiji, Nakamo, Yukoshi, and Yukoshi, also read Zhu Xi’s “Studying things and leading to knowledge” from the perspective of “knowledge” and “knowledge” [5].
The author believes that the standpoint of “studying things and seeking knowledge” from the perspective of “knowledgement/knowledge” can be regarded as the mainstream of the academic world, but there are also scholars who interpret it from the perspective of divergence. As far as Guan saw, Jin Chunfeng, Zhu Han, Zhang Rulun, Yang Rubin, Wang Changqin and others basically opposed the idea of reading Zhu Xi’s “studying things and seeking knowledge” from the perspective of “knowledge theory/knowledge theory”, and advocated the need to understand the idea of reading from the perspective of “mind learning” or “conscience in original intention” and “demonic kung fu”. For example, the criticism of Mr. Zhu Han, a teacherThe ordinary direction of Zhu Xi’s modern interpretation of “studying things and seeking knowledge”:
In the modern interpretation of Zhu Xi, a more divergent direction is to interpret, analyze, and evaluate Zhu Xi’s “studying things and seeking knowledge” based on the cognitive theory or knowledge of Eastern philosophy. Although there are certain evaluations of (such as Friends) or negative (Miao Zongsan), they all agree that Zhu Xi’s theory of studying things and understanding of Eastern philosophy are more different, such as: determining the “heart” of the subject and the “thing” of the object and the “thing” of the object and “Reason” is a relationship between subject and object. The subject gains specific personal experience knowledge (investigation of things) through perception and understanding of the object. The subject relies on and expands the specific experience knowledge into a comprehensive and systematic knowledge system (introduction). 【6】
Teacher Zhu Han believes that the goal of “studying things and seeking knowledge” is to “in order to realize the ‘clearity of the mind’ and lay the foundation for the next step of “correcting the mind” and “integrity” to advance virtue.” Jin Chunfeng, Zhang Rulun and Wang Changqin also emphasized the nature of “mind learning” in Zhu Xi’s thinking, and believed that the goal of “studying things and seeking knowledge” is to restore the original conscience and realize the “mind wisdom” [7]. The author has become these views and believes that Zhu Xi’s “studying things and seeking knowledge” cannot be read in a pure and concise way from the perspective of cognitive theory and intellectual theory. So can we distinguish between Zhu Xi’s “knowledg TC: